C++ and C
Borland C++ escape sequencesNote: You must use \\ to represent an ASCII backslash, as used in operating system paths.
|
\a |
0x07 |
BEL |
Audible bell |
|
\b |
0x08 |
BS |
Backspace |
|
\f |
0x0C |
FF |
Formfeed |
|
\n |
0x0A |
LF |
Newline (linefeed) |
|
\r |
0x0D |
CR |
Carriage return |
|
\t |
0x09 |
HT |
Tab (horizontal) |
|
\v |
0x0B |
VT |
Vertical tab |
|
\\ |
0x5c |
\ |
Backslash |
|
\' |
0x27 |
' |
Single quote (apostrophe) |
|
\" |
0x22 |
" |
Double quote |
|
\? |
0x3F |
? |
Question mark |
|
\O |
|
any |
O=a string of up to three octal digits |
|
\xH |
|
any |
H=a string of hex digits |
|
\XH |
|
any |
H=a string of hex digits |
16-bit data types, sizes, and ranges
|
unsigned char |
8 |
0 -- 255 |
Small numbers and full PC character set |
|
char |
8 |
-128 -- 127 |
Very small numbers and ASCII characters |
|
enum |
16 |
-32,768 -- 32,767 |
Ordered sets of values |
|
unsigned int |
16 |
0 -- 65,535 |
Larger numbers and loops |
|
short int |
16 |
-32,768 -- 32,767 |
Counting, small numbers, loop control |
|
int |
16 |
-32,768 -- 32,767 |
Counting, small numbers, loop control |
|
unsigned long |
32 |
0 -- 4,294,967,295 |
Astronomical distances |
|
long |
32 |
-2,147,483,648 -- 2,147,483,647 |
Large numbers, populations |
|
float |
32 |
3.4E -38 -- 3.4E 38 |
Scientific (7-digit precision) |
|
double |
64 |
1.7E -308 -- 1.7 E 308 |
Scientific (15-digit precision) |
|
long double |
80 |
3.4E -4932 -- 1.1E 4932 |
Financial (18-digit precision) |
|
near pointer |
16 |
Not applicable |
Manipulating memory addresses |
|
far pointer |
32 |
Not applicable |
Manipulating addresses outside current segment |
32-bit data types, sizes, and ranges
|
unsigned char |
8 |
0 -- 255 |
Small numbers and full PC character set |
|
char |
8 |
-128 -- 127 |
Very small numbers and ASCII characters |
|
short int |
16 |
-32,768 -- 32,767 |
Counting, small numbers, loop control |
|
unsigned int |
32 |
0 -- 4,294,967,295 |
Large numbers and loops |
|
int |
32 |
-2,147,483,648 – 2,147,483,647 |
Counting, small numbers, loop control |
|
unsigned long |
32 |
0 -- 4,294,967,295 |
Astronomical distances |
|
enum |
32 |
-2,147,483,648 -- 2,147,483,647 |
Ordered sets of values |
|
long |
32 |
-2,147,483,648 -- 2,147,483,647 |
Large numbers, populations |
|
float |
32 |
3.4E -38 -- 1.7 E 38 |
Scientific (7-digit) precision) |
|
double |
64 |
1.7E -308 -- 3.4E 308 |
Scientific (15-digit precision) |
|
long double |
80 |
3.4E -4932 -- 1.1E 4932 |
Financial (18-digit precision) |
|
near (pointer) |
32 bits |
|
|
|
far (pointer) |
32 bits |
|
|
Q. Why don't printf() and puts() print text in color
in a DOS application?
A. Use the console I/O functions cprintf() and cputs()
for color output, as shown here:
#include <conio.h>
int main()
Q. How do I print a long integer?
A. Use the "%ld" format:
long int l = 70000L;
printf("%ld", l);
Q. How do I print a long double?
A. Use the "%Lf" format.
long double ldbl = 1E500;
printf("%Lf", ldbl);
(1) In the statement:
a=30;
b=315;
c=272;
d=120;
z=a*a*a*a+b*b*b*b+c*c*c*c+d*d*d*d;
both z and a,b,c,d must be large enough to hold result of calculation.
a,b,c,d can not be of int data type. Type should be float.
(2) Miracle C is better than Borland C++!
Miracle C does not allow float c=n. Must be float c=n.0.
Compilation of float, double, and long double results in the same precision!
I strive to make this website very useful to every visitor. If you would like to comment on this page, ask a question, or suggest a topic for me to research, then contact me. A little reward for me will be appreciated if you will visit my Services pages. Links to my website are desperately needed. If you have a blog, a website, or participate on a forum please link to pages that you have found useful. Site Map.
Previous page: Extremely low budget amateur astronomy
Next page: Prepaid cellphone plans comparison
. 